It is said that in the middle of the 4th century BC, a barbaric empire arose on the Greek peninsula - three generations of barbarian despotic Kings defeated the democratic and liberal city-states of Athens - and it is said that in the eyes of the Greeks at that time, like today's Britain and the United States and other countries, the "universal values" as the criterion for dividing barbarism and civilization. Those who are not democratic, free, or universal are barbarians - and the Macedonians of the northern Balkans are neither of the same language as the Greeks, nor of the same species, nor universal, and so are barbarians.

However, under the blows of the Macedonian barbarian King Philip and the later king Alexander, the Greek alliance led by Athens was defeated and conquered, and finally had to dissolve the alliance and submit to the autocratic monarchy. For the first time in history, Alexander the Barbarian united the Greek city-states, which had previously been a model of democracy except Sparta, into the territory of Alexander's kingdom. (This later imperial history, in the 14-volume "History of Greece," written by Gero, Britain's most powerful 19th-century Greek historian, is a history of Greek humiliation.

Then Alexander moved east, defeated Persia, destroyed Persia, occupied Egypt, and settled in Alexandria Harbor in Egypt in 332 BC - since then, this harbor has been named after "Alexandria" and built a city, which is Alexandria, Egypt.

It is said that Alexander the Great fought south and north for more than ten years, establishing a huge empire across Europe and Asia. This empire was dominated by the culture of the Greek peninsula, which was dominated by the Macedonians. The Macedonian Empire established by Alexander was also called "the Great Greek Empire of Macedonia" by Western historians - Western historians in the 19th century invented a new word - "Hellenistic era" in order to highlight the Greek cultural color of this empire.

However, after the death of Alexander the Great, the Macedonian Empire fell into disunity. Ptolemy, the governor of Egypt under Alexander, established a Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, which continued to use Alexandria as its capital.

Alexandria is famous in history, mainly due to two wonders, one is the lighthouse of Alexandria harbor, known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The other was the library built in Alexandria.

It is said that the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt was extremely significant to the later development of Western science, and its greatest contribution was the establishment of the largest academic center in the world at that time, the Mussay Academy, from which the English word "Museum" is derived. The library in Alexandria is the library of the Mussay Academy. In this academy and library are said to have gathered the crystallized knowledge and wisdom of thousands of years of ancient cultures in the Mesopotamian Region of Asia, possibly also from Asia Minor-Ionia and the Greek Peninsula.

According to legend, Ukimandias, King II of the Ptolemaic dynasty, presided over the construction of the huge Library of Alexandria. The purpose of building the Library of Alexandria is to "collect the world's knowledge book" and realize the dream of "the world's wisdom."

After the library was built, the dynasty invested heavily in the Mussay Academy to employ a large number of scribes, mainly Egyptian papyrus as a medium, copying documents from ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient Persia and Greece. The script used was mainly Hebrew and partly Greek.

In order to collect books extensively, the Ptolemaic dynasty is said to have ordered that all ships arriving in Alexandria be inspected, that all documents carried on board be confiscated for inspection, and that officers from the Library of Alexandria transcribe them, leave the originals, and return the copies to their original owners.

In this way, the Library of Alexandria has a large number of books, it is said that the maximum collection reached 500,000-700,000 volumes. It can be said that almost all the important documents of the Mediterranean coast through the ages are gathered in the Library of Alexandria. This is where the great source of Western knowledge lies.

According to a legend of the Renaissance, in its heyday the Library of Alexandria contained some 540,000 papyrus scrolls, including Oriental works as well as all the works of the Greek Peninsula - manuscripts of the three great Greek tragedists, Euripides, Aeschylus and Sophocles, all the poems of Homer, Many original works of Euclid, Pythagoras and other mathematicians in Asia Minor, including Elements of Geometry. 1 The writings of Ptolemy, the astronomer who proposed the theory of the circle of the earth and the heliocentric theory as early as 270 BC; Many of the writings of Hippocrates, the founder of Western medicine; The first Hebrew text of the Bible, the Torah and its Greek translation; There are also the writings of Aristotle and the physicist Archimedes.

It is said that Ptolemy, the "father of geography", was appointed director of the Library of Alexandria.

In addition to all the Egyptian works, a large number of ancient Egyptian, ancient Babylonian and ancient Greek philosophy, poetry, literature, medicine, religion, ethics and other ancient Oriental academic works are collected here.

In addition, due to the gathering of scholars from all over the world, the Mussay Academy and the Library of Alexandria enjoy the reputation of "the source of world wisdom" and spread civilization throughout the Mediterranean world for hundreds of years.

But it is said that in three subsequent catastrophes and book burning disasters, the Library of Alexandria was completely destroyed.

The Library of Alexandria holds valuable knowledge of the ancient world. Before you set foot in the building, learning about its history and significance will add depth to your visit.

Inside the library, you will have the opportunity to admire a wealth of documents, manuscripts and sculptures. In particular, the replicas of the Library of Alexandria, which restore the grandeur of antiquity.

Most of them are students of Alexandria University who study there. Tickets are available at the gate 🎫

Alexandria as the second largest city in Egypt, you can choose to buy a ticket from Cairo - Alexandria at the Gobus window 20 RMB💰

In the afternoon you can see the sunset on the beach, very beautiful!

The Library of Alexandria is a bridge connecting us with ancient wisdom, and this historic library will leave you with an indelible memory. Start your historical journey!

Siempre imagine que el Paraiso seria algun tipo de biblioteca.

Borges said that if there is a heaven, it must be in the form of a library.

The cause of the burning of Alexandria remains a mystery.

According to one account, according to Roman writers, at the Battle of Fasaro in 48 BC, Julius Caesar won the battle and pursued Pompey into Egypt, and ordered the burning of the ships docked in the port, and the war spread from the port to the Library of Alexandria, resulting in the destruction of more than half of the entire collection of books.

It was not until 1974, more than 2,000 years later, that someone proposed the idea of rebuilding the Library of Alexandria. The reborn Alexander Museum, designed by Norwegian firm Snøhetta, was finally completed in 2002.

The tilted disc of the new Library of Alexandria stands on the site of the Ptolemaic library overlooking the Gulf of Heslsay in the Mediterranean Sea.

The architects laid out the library in a pure circle, implying "the infinite circulation of knowledge and its essence throughout time".

Although the exact location and appearance of the Ancient Library of Alexandria remains some debate, its existence and influence are documented in historical documents. Unfortunately, over time, the library has experienced multiple disruptions, including fires and military conflicts, resulting in the loss of its documents and the destruction of its buildings. Therefore, although the glory of the ancient Library of Alexandria has passed, it is still regarded as a symbol of knowledge transmission in history.

On a rainy day, I stared at the granite walls outside the library, engraved with the words, letters and symbols of the world's 50 oldest languages, including Chinese characters.

"The only thing a gene is interested in is making repeated copies of itself in order to maximize its survival and expansion during evolution."

History repeats itself, and civilization is a healing femur that is eternally broken and rebuilt.